We will learn how to develop a Web application using Struts 1 framework. This lesson will be illustrated with example of login:
- a Web server running on Tomcat server. This Web server manages a DB containing a table named users which includes at least two columns username, password.
- a login page enabling user to enter username/password and click submit to the server
- the server verifies the login information and return the results on another page: If login success, it forwards to the user's home page. Otherwise, it displays a warning that username/password is incorrect!
Config and development a Web application using Struts 1 framework
- Step 1: Go to the Tomcat/webapps folder, create a web folder with a WEB-INF sub folder. In which, download the struts 1 lib into WEB-INF/lib folder:
link to download Struts 1 lib:http://mirrors.digipower.vn/apache//struts/library/struts-1.3.10-lib.zip
- Step 2: Go to the WEB-INF/src folder, create a Java project with three packages: control, dao, entity. And then code them as:
entity.User.java
package entity;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
/**
*
* @author
*/
public class User extends org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm {
private String username;
private String password;
/**
*
*/
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String x, String y) {
super();
username = x;
password = y;
}
/**
* This is the action called from the Struts framework.
* @param mapping The ActionMapping used to select this instance.
* @param request The HTTP Request we are processing.
* @return
*/
public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
if (username == null || username.length() < 1) {
errors.add("userName", new ActionMessage("error.username.required"));
// TODO: add 'error.name.required' key to your resources
}
if (password == null || password.length() < 1) {
errors.add("password", new ActionMessage("error.password.required"));
// TODO: add 'error.name.required' key to your resources
}
return errors;
}
/**
* @return the userName
*/
public String getUsername() {
//System.out.println("Inside getter "+username);
return username;
}
/**
* @param userName the userName to set
*/
public void setUsername(String userName) {
//System.out.println("Inside setter "+userName);
this.username = userName;
}
/**
* @return the password
*/
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
/**
* @param password the password to set
*/
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
dao.UserDAO.java
package dao;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class UserDAO {
Connection conn = null;
public UserDAO() {
String dbUsername = "sa";
String dbPassword = "sa";
String dbUrl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hotelmanagement";
String dbClass = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
try {
Class.forName(dbClass);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection (dbUrl, dbUsername, dbPassword);
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch(SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public boolean checkLogin(entity.User user){
String query = "Select * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?";
try {
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(query);
ps.setString(1, user.getUsername());
ps.setString(2, user.getPassword());
ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()) {
return true;
}
}catch(SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
}
control.LoginAction.java
package control;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
/**
*
*/
public class LoginAction extends org.apache.struts.action.Action {
/* forward name="success" path="" */
private final static String SUCCESS = "success";
private final static String FAILURE = "failure";
/**
* This is the action called from the Struts framework.
* @param mapping The ActionMapping used to select this instance.
* @param form The optional ActionForm bean for this request.
* @param request The HTTP Request we are processing.
* @param response The HTTP Response we are processing.
* @throws java.lang.Exception
* @return
*/
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
entity.User loginForm = (entity.User) form;
dao.UserDAO userDAO = new dao.UserDAO();
if (userDAO.checkLogin(loginForm)) {
return mapping.findForward(SUCCESS);
} else {
return mapping.findForward(FAILURE);
}
}
}
After compiling these packages, copy the .class files (including their packages) into the WEB-INF/classes folder.
- Step 3: Return to the Web root directory, create three files .jsp as follow:
login.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>JSP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="color:red">
<html:errors />
</div>
<html:form action="/Login" >
User Name : <html:text name="User" property="username" /> <br>
Password : <html:password name="User" property="password" /> <br>
<html:submit value="Login" />
</html:form>
</body>
</html>
Note that the tags in red are Struts 1 tags, refer from the first line in red.
success.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>JSP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login Success. Welcome <bean:write name="User" property="username"></bean:write></h1>
</body>
</html>
failure.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>JSP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="color:red">
<h1>Invalid user name <bean:write name="User" property="username"></bean:write> or password!</h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>
- Step 4: Go to the WEB-INF folder, copy all .tld and .xml file from Struts 1 lib into this directory as follow:
- Step 5: Edite the file web.xml and struts-config.xml as follow:
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
</web-app>
Note that all texts in red are the content you need to modify to be appropriated to your Web application.
struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="User" type="entity.User"/>
</form-beans>
<global-exceptions>
</global-exceptions>
<global-forwards>
<forward name="welcome" path="/Welcome.do"/>
</global-forwards>
<action-mappings>
<action input="/login.jsp" name="User" path="/Login" scope="session" type="control.LoginAction">
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp" />
<forward name="failure" path="/failure.jsp" />
</action>
<action path="/Welcome" forward="/welcomeStruts.jsp"/>
</action-mappings>
<controller processorClass="org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesRequestProcessor"/>
<message-resources parameter="entity/ApplicationResource"/>
<!-- ========================= Tiles plugin ===============================-->
<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin" >
<set-property property="definitions-config" value="/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml" />
<set-property property="moduleAware" value="true" />
</plug-in>
<!-- ========================= Validator plugin ================================= -->
<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
<set-property
property="pathnames"
value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,/WEB-INF/validation.xml"/>
</plug-in>
</struts-config>
Note that all texts in red are the content you need to modify to be appropriated to your Web application.
Results
- login page:
- when login successful:
- when login failed:
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